Sunday, February 1, 2009

Assignment - Great Barrier Reef dying?

In 2006, when I was snorkling the Great Barrier Reef, I was dismayed to see something that was so far from the beautiful pictures on the Discovery Channel. I know that I looked stunned because our guide asked me if I was ok. I started to ask him questions about the reef and the life or lack of life on it and he quickly clammed up.
There were no massive schools of exotic, brightly colored fish - there were tons of needle fish! We had to really, really hunt for the little clown fish and the corals had taken on a sort of ashy hue. It made me hurt inside......Read the article and then comment.

http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,475068,00.html?sPage=fnc/scitech/naturalscience

74 comments:

  1. Since this could effect our food chain it can effect us. Many fish will be killed which most of us eat fish. We should be alive in 2050 so it will effect us all. But how can we lower the surface temps?

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  2. Good Question. Anyone want to comment on potential ways that sea surface temps might be lowered?

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  3. What is cause the water to soak up more CO2? Is it deforestation across the world causing the CO2 level in the air to raise? If would could take care of what was causing more CO2 to be soaked up by the water wouldn't it take care of the acidity in the water and fix half of the problem?

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  4. Ariel,
    can you explain a little more what you are getting at?

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  5. I believe that if we work to take care of the smaller problems like the CO2 level and the water temperature it work lessen the larger problem in a big way. I was thinking that since the acidity of the water is believed to be raising because of the fact that the water is soaking up more CO2. That just maybe the water is taking in more CO2 because more CO2 is present in the atmosphere because there are less trees worldwide to convert the CO2 back to O2.

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  6. ok..that makes much more sense. Since the ocean is the largest carbon sink we have on earth, you are certainly correct in saying that it is absorbing more CO2 than in recent years. Theoretically, if we reduce atmospheric CO2 than there should be less available to be taken up by the ocean....remember that CO2 is released by volcanoes and rocks as they weather as well.....

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  7. All I have to say is play more trees & stop cutting down the rainforest, then, we'd have PLENTY of CO2 converters ;)

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  8. So basically they are saying that the Great Barrier Reef is going to start dying by 2035! That its going to start small and cascade upwards. But how can we really do anything to prevent it? I mean as a whole the human race is very selfish so even if just a few people decide to change how they live or what they dispose and how they dispose of it human intervention and prevention of damage to the environment is going to be very minimal. At the very least nature will create its own balance. I mean think of Alaska's volcanoe right now. It is going to explode and if its on such a massive scale as they are saying than who knows, it might just cool temperatures, but that all depends on what happens when it happens. Even then, Ashton already said in class, water takes much longer to cool and to heat up, so it could just stabalize by then, but like Mrs. B always points out, nature always finds a way to like reboot itself when things get out of whack, so my question is, Can we really expect so much of the human race to contribute to save something such as the Great Barrier Reef, or any reef for that matter when all we care about is ourselves?

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  9. Ah you are a wise and insightful person and make very valid points. At what point do we stop looking at ourselves as the "only" , the superior species?

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  10. We stop looking at ourselves as the superior species when our actions harm those of another species just for our gain. No one has given us the right to think as ourselves as the superior animals on the earth or in the universe (bc there are deff aliens). But in the case of the Great Barrier reefs, it is not all our fault. We cannot reverse temperature changes in the ocean, our technology is not nearly advanced enough. We may have had some of the blame with excessive carbon dioxide but remember that everything emits it. I believe that the consequences are already irreversible. But it is not all the human races fault, bc we are in a interglacial period and changes are expected just like every other ice age. Somethings we cannot do anything about and just have to live with that prospect.

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  11. I think we are the "only" superior species but with that greatness comes responsibility (that's a quote from something!) It is our duty to protect what we destory or alter so that other species can continue to prosper.

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  12. i agree with ashton. if we are going to be the top of the food chain then we need to be considerate of everything else under us. Humans need to realize that the smallest thing we do can greatly alter the environment of another organism.

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  13. The sad fact about the degeneration and degradation of the reefs is that the majority of the world doesn't know or doesn't care. Most citizens are very apathetic and are much more concerned with achieving their own personal gains regardless of the damage they cause. Then we also have to take into consideration those developing countries that are trying to catch up with the rest of the world. They feel that they should have the chance to do as we did and as a result more and more of our natural environment is destroyed such as the reefs. Ashton made a good point to the fact that the cutting of the rainforest and other forms of degradation and pollution have impact on much more than it would seem and so with less trees to recycle the CO2 there is more of it being soaked into the ocean which in turn makes the water more acidic and harmful to the reefs. Personally, I would think that people would be more concerned about preserving the reefs and more would be going on to help them; especially since they are a tourist attraction and can bring tourists and revenue into certain areas.

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  14. If you really think about it, the human race has almost always thought of themselves as the superior species, but who gave us that right in the first place? Yes we have more intelligence, but were we really meant to be the top dogs? How do we know that there isn't some much more intelligent creature out there? (Okay sorry, totally off topic.) Anyway as I said before, can we really expect a massive group of people to WANT to help out? I mean I know that "being green" is in right now but isn't this just another "fad"? I mean we have always had periods in time when we had a trend that would all of a sudden rise up, then would just as quickly level out and disappear. So here is my question: When it comes to the environment and its well being can we really afford for this to be just another "fad"?

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  15. i think were meant to be the top dogs, unless there are a lil aliens up there that are creating all this messed up stuff in the environment & sucking the color out of the reefs, then its not our fault at all anymore & its the lil green thingys. [;

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  16. Britt and I snorkled in Cancun...it was gorgeous..the school of fish-

    so I guess that area is not effect as badly...

    it was worth the money!

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  17. I would just like to make one point about this article. Honestly, do you think the people in Austrailia right now are going, "OH MY GOD, the CORAL REEF is falling appart! Poor fish!"
    In my opinion I think the true reason they would be worried about this problem is becuase just think how many people go to Austrailia just to snorkle the great barrier reef? If its starting to die then guess what? Less tourism. Less money. I mean some people like environmentalist would have a concern for the fish but when it comes down to it it's all about tourism and money and the economy of course.

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  18. Money makes the world go round and I think that Sarah has a good point that the only reason for the concern is that the dying of the reef will have a negative economic impact on tourism. Food supply is a factor that needs to be considered because the seafood industry is a major player in Australias economy. The dissapearence of the reef not only means we lose an economic revenue source but the beauty and life that fills the reefs. Humans are the self said "top dogs" and since we contributed to the problem we should do something to fix it.

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  19. I too had the oppurtunity to snorkle in Jamaica last summer and I saw no bleached coral. It may have not reached that far yet, but the coral wasn't flourescent either(before the algea, that gives the coral its color, dies it turns an intense flourescent color). Besides, bleached coral doesn't necesarily mean dead coral. It is just like grass and will grow back in the next year.

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  20. Brett,
    Are you sure that it is going to grow back? The corals are dead, the algae is leaving ....why would they grow back?

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  21. I think this is just a case of fluctuations, sure the temps are high now, but they will soon decrease again and the algae will come back when it is to their liking, like chris said there has been 6 ice ages...why can't the temps fluctuate the other way?

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  22. the fact that the coral reef is slowly dissapearing is a sad thing to think about. i don't think most people realize that if this happens so many species in the ocean will be at a lost of habitat, and the food chain will be out of rotation faster then we know it.

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  23. Tripper that was a good point...and if we dont make changes to how we influence the habitat many more species will be lost as a result

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  24. i think its sad how the reeefs are dying, but it could just be a natural event considerong other reefs are flourishing

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  25. the only thing i found for lowering sea surface temps was from dust blown from a storm in Africa was the cause for 1/3 of the drop in North Atlantic Ocean sea surface temperatures between June 2005-2006. So if it was possibly, maybe scientist could create an artificial dust storm.

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  26. I don't know Lawson. An artificial dust storm? I think that's a little farfetched, but the logic behind it is well, logical. I mean if there is some technologically advanced way to help the environment, I mean think about it, we do have the means and technology to come up with such an idea, why hasn't it arisen yet? Do people really care that much? I certainly don't think so.

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  27. Honestly, our technology is advanced in certain regions of science but an artificial dust storm is practically out of the question. Trying to harness and recreate the force of nature would take tons of research and enormous amounts of money. Just like water is the most devastating force on the planet. Nature is nothing to mess with and it is kicking us in the butt. Like the saying "what goes around, comes around."

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  28. Karma! Karma! Karma! That's all this is. It's Karma rearing its ugly head to bite us in the butt. Plus mother nature is not a force to be messing with. She's going to do whatever she needs to do to keep this planet running smoothly and if that includes wiping out species, or killing off plant life then so be it. Why not let nature run its course? I mean haven't we already meddled with it enough?

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  29. I hate it that the coral reefs are dying, and whats really sad is we are just now realizing, only when it effects us now that is. But I say its about time the human race accepted some responsiblility for what we have done. We are always trying to fix what we mess up and never seem to learn from our mistakes. Although I hate what will happen to all the creatures and fish because of the dying of the coral reef, but all i can say is they were around and moved and survived long before we were around.

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  30. I just may be stupid or something but I know the people in my class and there is no Sandra. Please introduce yourself or explain who you are. PLZ.

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  31. I know its Olivia I was somehow on my moms gmail account. I dont know how that happened lol.

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  32. Ok i was about to say whoa we got us our first official stalker

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  33. Thanks for a really really great interaction....I knew you all could do it! Thanks for asking who Sandra was Chris, because I was thinking the same thing as I read down to that comment. I do Have a post from Sara and will post it separately.

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  34. Sara says:
    It's Sara (Freeman) & this is for the blog site:

    I think if we believe we are at the top of the food chain we need to take care of our resources, which we obviously haven’t done a good job of so far. Not only do we need to care about our generation, but the next too. We can't complain if we don't take any actions!!

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  35. Waht do you all think of Sara's comment that we can't complain if we don't take actions?

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  36. Shes got a good point, we can't complain if were not going to do anything about it. Just like if you complain about your grades but you sleep in class, the teacher is just gonna look at you like your stupid. If we don;t take responsibility for what we have done and are doing then the world's condition will continue to degrade and we really want our future generations to have it better then we did as have all generations before us.

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  37. We tend to want to blame everyone else for our misfortunes. Why don't we actually point the finger at who actually did it? I mean we all have contributed to it in some way. No one wants to really carpool anymore. Everyone wants to drive in their shiny new cars or trucks, or even their not so shiny, not so new cars or trucks. Anyway the point is we are all complaining that something needs to be done, but are any of us really going to give up the finer luxuries of life just to help the environment? I don't think so. Like I said before we are all selfish.

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  38. I agree with lawson.William Lau and Kyu-Myong Kim of Nasa'a Goddard Space Flight Center have discovered the airborne Saharan dust over the Atlantic was responsible for a dramatic temperature drop. This dust effectively blocked the intensity of the sun to reach the oceans surface. According to their research dust accounted for 30 to 40 percent of the drop in sea surface temperature between june 2005 and 2006. Providing man made dust storms could be an effective answer if we could achieve it. With warmer surfaces we face more hurricanes also and more destruction everywhere. The Temps need to be lowered or marine life,the reefs and humanity will pay in the long run.

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  39. Getting back to what Megan had said, she does have a very valid point. It is true that instead of driving an eco-friendly car most people would want to drive their suped up cars with the unnecessary heated seats and the cooler in the middle. I mean what is it going to take for us to see what we are doing is harmful for our environment? Is it doing to take something extreme such as what happened in the Day after Tomorrow to show everyone that we should be taking better care of our environment?

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  40. As global temperatures continue to rise, won't the increased strength of hurricanes be even more devastating to the already struggling coral reefs?

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  41. OK, this breaks my heart, why is it that a group of kids can see what is taking place while all of the experts seem to turning their heads. As an adult I never realized just how much we have taken for granted. In class we talk about "Global Warming," "CO2," the cutting down of the "Rain Forest," and "trenching," but how do we get others to see. Have we become so selfish that as Sara said "we are the top of the food chain" or so we think? Can we "begin" to fix the problem or is it already too late?

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  42. Doesn't nature repeat itself? Haven't we talked about this time and time again? But have we humans disrupted the cycle so much that there's nothing that can be done?

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  43. I don't necessarily think its the environmental experts that don't see it, its the general public and the common man. Most people have not had the education in environmental issues that we have, most know basic stuff and the some of the issues we talk about would NEVER effect some people or that is what they think. The government wants to keep going and get stronger and bigger all the time, and if they took into account every effect that came out of a decision then nothing would get done. Like we said, we think we are the head honcho on the planet and its gonna be our way and we don't care what we hurt as long as were happy. I agree with Mrs. Nantz that it is really sad how we see the effects and things that are done but the people who actually make the decisions just brush them off.

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  44. Jake and Lawson,
    One thing that needs to be considered and I personally have no clue how to figure the numbers; is the fact that dust etc is a nuclei for rain molecules to cluster onto. How do we add just the correct amount of dust so we don't create extra condensation nuclei then have the potential with warmer ocean waters to have larger storms ( tropical or otherwise)?

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  45. The one good thing that I have to say to Ms. Nantz is that we are the up and coming generation and with the issues we discuss and opinons we gain from Mrs. Bosiaks class we are more socially and environmentally aware. So as we go into college and become the leaders in the world we can take that awareness and with it make the changes that the past generation has failed to see or implement.

    As for the dust storm idea I agree in theory that it is good but also agree with Mrs. Bosiak and Chris that it would be a very delicate and risky project and may not even be possible with our current technology.

    Ben also had a very valid point in the fact that rising ocean temps lead to more hurricanes which in turn are devastating to the reefs. Mrs. Bosiaks Piece of brain coral is a prime example because she said it had been washed up on shore due to a recent hurricane passing through the area.

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  46. okay im not exactly sure what you are talking about with the dust storm. but weren't we talking about in class the other day how too much sediment in the water kills life too. it may lower the temperature but it blocks the sun from reaching plants and suffocates the fish. is that the same thing?

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  47. Thanks Nat for mentioning our snorkling experience :]Although when we went out in the waters near Cancun, I did not recognize the absence of colorful fish. I guess that this problem hasn't reached there yet, thankfully! If these species are to lose their habitat, it seems that humans are more concerned with what we will resort to, meaning we put ourselves at the top of the foodchain. Though I am not complaining, who are we to put ourselves there? Anyways, back to the reef, I think that natural things will happen, and think that we should just let it play out the way nature wants it to.

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  48. Rachel.....that is a great comment and you are the first to bring up that thought. The dust storm idea came from Lawson's comment :
    the only thing i found for lowering sea surface temps was from dust blown from a storm in Africa was the cause for 1/3 of the drop in North Atlantic Ocean sea surface temperatures between June 2005-2006. So if it was possibly, maybe scientist could create an artificial dust storm.

    His idea was maybe we could artificailly create these storms and drop temps.....

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  49. Brittney - that is very true,but....should we be accelerating something that would happen naturally? Doesn't that make it unnatural at that point?

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  50. ok well i just might be crazy or these pills beside me are messing with my head but... something really bad is going to happen down the road and i mean big! and maybe after that the world will go back, grow back.

    secondly there is a dire need for us to be leaders like matmat said. and we talk about it allllll the time but maybe we need to do something as a class or individually to really step it up, establish ourselves as leaders... but then again it might be the drugs affecting my brain.....

    thirdly maybe this can all be explained by the law of entropy??? just throwing that out there

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  51. Oh! Wolfie ! What an outstanding comment!!!!! What do you all think of the Entropy theory?

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  52. idk..but i was also gonna say i know most ppl are saying since we are the "top dogs" and we have contributed to the problem then we should be the ones to fix it. but i think that trying to fix it may just cause even more problems than we started with. and then we will have to deal with those. for example: one solution for beach erosion was dumping extra sand on the beaches to counteract the erosion, but really the sand actually caused the beach to erode faster. We only intensified the problem.

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  53. Morning APES,
    the law of entropy is discussed in the section under thermodynamics in your book....a general definition is :entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system. Earth and all systems try to reach of state of entropy......hope this helps!

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  54. Rachel,
    the other issue that is being dealt with when dealing in beach erosion , particularly in NC and SC is that we are trying to renourish barrier islands which are designed by nature to move. We are trying to keep them in place and that is not going to work , no matter how hard we try.

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  55. Entropy? Karma! I'm going to keep going with the Karma theory here. What you inevitably do will eventually come back to haunt you, maybe help you. Entropy, if you look at it close enough is Nature's Karma. The natural world is only going to let so much destruction, pollution, and chaos to go on for so long, after that, its going to start pulling itself out of whack to restabalize everything. Entropy therefore is Nature's Karma. By moving more towards chaos, it brings itself that much closer to peace. ((By the way I actually WANTED to go to school today.))

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  56. Me too Megan. I like your comment about entropy being nature's Karma......

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  57. Well if you think about it is. Why wouldn't it be? If entropy is the measure of disorder in a system and Karma can bring disorder or peace they why not? I think its logical anyway. Entropy is something that everything wants to reach. Mass chaos. Karma can either help you or not. Thus mass chaos=karma.

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  58. Good Morning APES
    They call me Momma Duck (will explain later) and as a Momma you guys are always teaching me something I never knew or understood. My Dad is 87 years old and I listen to him talk about the things he did as a young boy and the changes he has seen. I look around and see all the damage that has occurred since his childhood and mine. How do we teach others? "Great Barrier Reef dying", "Dust Storms", "Trenches", teach me more!!!

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  59. Good way to think about it Mrs.B! I guess if we are contributing to it then it therefore wouldn't be natural...therefore i will go with wolfie on saying we do need to be leaders and try to help fix this. I do stand by the fact though that people need to stopppp complaining about the food chain getting all messed and actually get out there and do something about it! :]

    Also, I didn't really see the point in no school either? lol

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  60. With our knowledge of the ever suffering environment and the causing factors that often include the human race, we can become leaders now and later in life and put ourselves in the position to make a difference. They always say that they want to make the world a better place for younger generations, but most people are too stuck up in the technology and health fields thinking that is what is going to make it better. The truth is that if they keep going the way we do, it doesn't matter if we can live 150 years old if there isn't a place or resources to sustain us.

    Hola Momma Duck, great to have you

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  61. true, maybe a more fitting example would be: we produce tons of garbage that we have run out of places to put it. so we burn it and dump it in the streams which causes water and air pollution. we cause a problem and then in an attempt to fix it we only cause more.

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  62. what im really trying to say is we should be more geared on the prevention and reduction of destructive things we do to the environment than on the clean up afterwards because if we don't reduce our pollution amounts than it will only get harder and harder to come up with solutions to fix it.

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  63. What Rachel said ties back into the dilemma dealing with what to do with the nuclear waste and that we need to be more conservative and work on ways to reduce our waste or come up with a use for it that is not harmful.

    As for what Chris said about people being to stuck up to see the real issues in front of their face...I agree. I personally want to improve the world for the next generations because I want my children to have the same opportunities that I did. ( this ties back into one of the homework critical thinking questions)
    Quick question to everyone pertainin to conserving for those to come...Do we have a right to be as wasteful and careless as we are with the environment and is it fair to dump all of our problems we created on those who come after us? And if so who gave us that right

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  64. Hey Momma Duck, I don't know how to explain things as well as everyone else seeing as I don't understand half of the stuff that everyone else does, but here it goes. The only way to reach people and to teach them about what is going on in the environment is standing up and saying something about it. But really the only thought that goes through people's minds is: this doesn't affect me so why should I care? But they are wrong. Even the littlest thing is going to affect something else. For example just the steady increase of air pollution from our cars, we didn't see it immediately, but after a while we had a hole in the ozone layer, not just from that by the way. But what I really don't understand is how all these scientists and so called environmentalists say that they WANT something to change, that something NEEDS to be done, but then they stand there and do nothing! It's just like when Mrs. B told us about how her tour guide became dumbfounded when she asked about the reefs. It didn't surprise me one bit. All tour guides do is show people the same area like 50 times a day. They have these little "speeches" imbedded in thier brains, and they've answered so many of the same questions they sound like robots on steroids, but what would happen if those tourguides actually took the time and effort to learn the meaning behind thier speeches? They could reach so many people! After all, all it takes is just one person to reach a group of people, and then that group of people becomes one person who reaches another group of people etc...What I'm saying is even though they hear the information, they don't absorb it. Like Sarah S. said is it going to take something dramatic to change how people see things. I mean seriously, this earth is not going to last much longer underneath the abuse and stress its going under. People don't want to accept the fact that luxuries they have now, are not going to be vital in the end, when the earth turns itself against us. All we have to do is be able to stand up and say that this world needs fixing. As for Matt's question I would have to say that no, it isn't fair if we dump all of our problems on the generations to come, but what can we do about it when the majority of OUR generation doesn't want to do anything to help. This is a massive scale thing, its going to take more than like 30 people to change, so we have a mission to go out there and influence the ignorant people of this world and show them the right way to care for the environment. And like Rachael pointed out we need to work on prevention and reduction, so that our efforts aren't voided out by the offset of our actions. What we need to do is work as a team, and fight this battle together.

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  65. We are not the only people who care about the environment. There are tons of people who care. The problem is that everyone who wants our environmental situation to change is not unified into one group, and as long as the people who want the world to change remain disconnected nothing can ever be accomplished

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  66. Wow! See what a snow day does? So Ben, how do they get unified when every country has their own agenda?
    Everyone: You are all right...you are the generaion that could find the solution, could find the cure.....could, but will you? Will you be lulled into enjoying the luxuries that Megan talks about because you will forget as you become global citizens with good paying jobs? Or will you find a way to unite?
    Megan: you understand far more than you give yourself credit for...don't cut yourself down because you explain differently. You reach people in your own way!!

    Very impressed and proud of you all...........

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  67. Exactly Ben, we may not be the only ones, but even our small group no matter how much we do, it isn't going to affect a lot unless we can reach more people. I think mostly the issue is language barriers, but even when we get past that, how do we know that all the different small groups are going to work together. What we need is a unifying theme, not just that we want to help the environment in every way possible, but how we are going to do that, I mean it isn't going to work if everybody tries to do the same thing in different ways right?

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  68. justin says:
    The Great Barrier Reef in Australia is serious peril and part of that is to blame on humans. In the past, it has been whatever happens in nature is cyclical and will eventually be worked out on its own time. Since the Industrial Revolution in the late-Eighteenth Century began, carbon dioxide levels have increased slowly for the first one hundred years or so. Carbon dioxide levels have wobbled back and forth between lower levels and more elevated levels. But, in nearly one thousand years of records, carbon dioxide levels have never been so high. In 1600, carbon dioxide levels were at 280 parts per million (ppm). In 1700, about a century before the Industrial Revolution began, carbon dioxide levels were at just shy of 280 ppm. In 1800, carbon dioxide levels were beginning to increase, between 280 and 300 ppm. In 1900, about one century after the Industrial Revolution started, the carbon dioxide levels were at a mere 290 ppm. The dramatic change did not begin until after 1950. As of 2000, carbon dioxide levels were at just over 360 ppm. Average levels are somewhere between 280 and 300 ppm. An exponential growth in carbon dioxide levels has led to temperature raises in the environment. These heightened temperatures have affected the sea temperature around the world, but in Northeastern Australia, where the Great Barrier Reef is located, this sea temperature increase is very well-pronounced. The main threat to the Great Barrier Reef is the rise in sea temperature. Bleaching of the coral occurs when coral loses its color due to stress-induced expulsion of symbiotic unicellular algae. Coral bleaching can occur when sea temperatures rise. Mass coral bleaching events have occurred in the summers of 1998, 2002 and 2006! Take into consideration that the top thirteen of the warmest years on record have all occurred within the past eleven years (since 1998). As coral bleaching has occurred, native fish to the area have started migrating farther away from their original home. This is causing sea bird chicks to go hungry, because their source of food is migrating to other places to survive. Aside from the ecosystem being severely affected, the Great Barrier Reef is suffering from pollution as well. Ninety percent of the pollution that flows through the rivers of Northern Australia and into the Coral Sea is from farm run-off. In 2000, an outbreak of coral polyps killed nearly sixty-six percent of live coral cover. A revision in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act of 1975 has prohibited zoning projects in and near the Reef until 2013, so things are being done to help stave off complete destruction, but not enough is being done soon enough to keep that from happening. If we do not do something about this soon, the reefs may be gone as early as 2035. Some scientists already feel some of the damage that has been done to the reefs is irreversible. The largest coral reef system in the world, consisting of nearly 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for about 1,600 miles and cover an area of approximately 133,000 square miles, is in danger of being completely destroyed. This natural beauty could be gone for the remainder of our lifetimes due in part to our carelessness.

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  69. Seriously. Justin knows how to put all our simplified words into more sophisticated speech that sounds much more intelligent. Nice job Justin!

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  70. Justin that is very impressive...you make me feel dumb. You have definitely set the bar..good job!!

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  71. WOW! Once again you have amazed me. Megan Y. Mrs. Bosiak is right you do a fine job of explaining yourself, ALL of you do. I am very proud to be a part of this class and glad that you even accept someone like me. If you haven't noticed young people like yourselves are my passion, my gift from God Himself. I agree with Ben it would be wonderful if those who think alike would just band together, become bold, and teach the world......

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  72. About lowering ocean temperatures- I honestly think that unless there is some catastrophy, then it is impossible.

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